Giemsa stain refers to a stain, named after a German scientist, Gustav Giemsa. It is important in cytogenetics and histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Meanwhile, Wright stain refers to a hematologic stain, facilitating the differentiation of blood cell types. Giemsa stain composes of a mixture of Azure B, methylene blue, and eosin dye, while Wright stain composes of a mixture of eosin and methylene blue dyes.
Giemsa stain uses both thick and thin smears, but the Wright stain uses only thin smears. Giemsa stain colors erythrocytes in pink, platelets in light pale pink, lymphocyte cytoplasm in sky blue, monocyte cytoplasm in pale blue, and leukocyte nuclear chromatin in magenta. In contrast, Wright stain colors erythrocytes in red to pink, neutrophils in dark purple nuclei, pale pink cytoplasm, reddish-lilac small granules, eosinophils in blue nuclei, pale pink cytoplasm, red to orange-red large granules, basophils purple to the dark blue nucleus, dark purple, almost black large granules, lymphocytes dark purple to deep bluish-purple nuclei, sky blue cytoplasm, platelets in violet to purple granules.
Giemsa stain is important in staining chromosomes to identify chromosome aberrations, while Wright stain is important to differentiate blood cell types. Giemsa stain is a type of differential stain, especially important in identifying chromosome aberrations in cytogenetics. It was named after Gustav Giemsa, and it contains a mixture of Azure B, methylene blue, and eosin.
It is a hematologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types. It is classically a mixture of eosin red and methylene blue dyes. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell leukocyte that is characterized histologically by its ability to be stained by neutral dyes and functionally by its role in mediating immune responses against infectious microorganisms.
The granules of neutrophils typically stain pink or purple-blue following treatment with a dye. It is the use of silver to selectively alter the appearance of a target in microscopy of histological sections; in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis; and in polyacrylamide gels.
The core difference between Giemsa stain and wright stain is that Giemsa stain is primarily used in staining bacterial cells and also human cells whereas wright stain is a staining procedure of blood smears, urine samples, and bone marrow aspirates.
Finally, the slide is washed with tap water and left to dry. Therefore, it can be used in the study of pathogenic bacteria attached to human cells. Here, the human cells and the bacterial cells are stained deferentially and purple and pink colors are observed respectively. As a result, infections can be diagnosed by observing the white blood cell counts. The stain is a mixture of eosin, which is red in color, and methylene blue dyes.
Then, the buffer of an equal amount of the stain is added, mixed gently and left for 5 minutes. The slide is held horizontally and washed well with neutral distilled water. Lastly, it is dried and observed under the microscope. Staining is an essential laboratory technique that is used during microscopy which is utilized to enhance the contrast of the microscopic image.
Giemsa stain and Wright Stain together known as Romanowsky stains involve in performing differential white blood cell counts and study of cell morphology of red blood cells. Oxidized methylene blue, eosin Y, and azure B dyes are the important components of Romanowsky stains. Three experts in microscopy were used in performing this comparative study. The average grading score from each stain method from all 3 experts was set as a basic parameter for comparison.
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