With the aid of topical anesthesia, the tube is inserted into the mouth or nose to take pictures and evaluate the abnormal cells. Head MRI : During head MRI, a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency pulses and a computer will be are used to produce detailed pictures of the inside of the head and neck.
Currently, MRI is the most sensitive imaging test of the head in routine clinical practice. CT of the Sinuses : This diagnostic medical test produces multiple images or pictures of a patient's paranasal sinus cavities. The cross-sectional images generated during a CT scan can be reformatted in multiple planes and can even generate three-dimensional 3-D images.
It is primarily used to detect cancers of the sinuses and nasal cavities and plan for surgeries. Panoramic Dental X-ray : Also called panoramic radiography, this two-dimensional 2-D dental x-ray examination captures the entire mouth in a single image, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, surrounding structures and tissues.
It can help reveal the presence of oral cancers. Dental Cone Beam CT : This type of CT scan uses special technology to generate three dimensional 3-D images of dental structures, soft tissues, nerve paths and bone in the craniofacial region in a single scan. Cone beam CT is generally used to confirm that radiation treatments are correctly targeted. It can detect head and neck cancer, determine if it has spread, assess the effectiveness of a treatment plan and determine if the cancer has returned after treatment.
Chest imaging: The most common place for head and neck cancer to spread to is the lungs. Your doctor may order a simple chest x-ray or CT scan of the chest to investigate. Typically, one of the following radiation therapy procedures may be used to treat head and neck cancer: External beam therapy EBT : EBT delivers a beam of high-energy x-rays or protons to the tumor. A machine generates and targets the radiation beam at the tumor site. EBT destroys cancer cells, and conformal treatment plans spare surrounding normal tissues from exposure.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy IMRT : an advanced mode of high-precision radiotherapy that uses computer-controlled x-ray accelerators. The accelerators conform and deliver a precise radiation dose to the three-dimensional 3-D shape of the tumor.
The machines control the intensity of the radiation beam to focus a higher dose on the tumor and minimize radiation exposure to healthy cells. Search our research. Search our research Search the vast number of projects we've been involved in over the years. Meet our researchers. Meet our researchers Team of researchers who have expanded our understanding of cancer. Our Forgotten Cancers Program.
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The types of biopsies typically used for diagnosing oral cancers are:. Images of the chest may be taken to determine whether the cancer has spread to the lungs.
Cancer will not be present in the lungs unless it has advanced. An X-ray is usually an outpatient procedure, meaning that you do not have to be admitted to a hospital for the test. If the result is abnormal, further tests will be performed.
These tests may show irregularities in the pharynx, mouth and surrounding areas, and is often used to detect small, early head and neck tumors. Also known as an "upper GI series," a barium swallow involves drinking a chalky drink made of a barium-based solution, which allow tumors to be better seen during an X-ray.
Imaging tests that are used to diagnose head and neck cancer include:. Computed tomography CT scan : A CT scan may provide information about the size, shape and position of the tumor, and may help identify enlarged lymph nodes to determine whether they contain cancer cells. Positron emission tomography PET scan: For patients who have been diagnosed with head and neck cancer, a PET scan may be used to determine whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, to identify the original site of cancer when it is discovered in the lymph nodes, or to check the entire body for the spread of cancer.
This is an X-ray of your jaw that shows if the cancer has spread into the bone. Barium swallow. This is a series of X-rays taken while you swallow a chalky substance called barium. The barium coats the inside of your throat so any swallowing changes can be seen on the X-rays.
CT scan. In this test, an X-ray beam takes a series of pictures of the inside of your body from many angles. These images are then combined by a computer, giving a detailed 3-D picture of your body.
The CT scan can be used to check the head and neck and is sometimes used to evaluate the chest, too. This test uses magnets and radio waves to take detailed pictures of the inside of your body, much like a CT scan.
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