From the book of Chronicles there would seem to have been a Tarshish accessible from the Red Sea, in addition to the Tarshish of the south of Spain.
Thus, with regard to the ships of Tarshish, which Jehoshaphat caused to be constructed at Ezion-geber on the Elanitic Gulf of the Red Sea, 1 Kings it is said in the Chronicles, 2 Chronicles that they were made to go to Tarshish; and in like manner the navy of ships, which Solomon had previously made in Ezion-geber, 1 Kings is said in the Chronicles, 2 Chronicles to have gone to Tarshish with the servants of Hiram. It is not to be supposed that the author of these passages in the Chronicles contemplated a voyage to Tarshish in the south of Spain by going round what has since been called the Cape of Good Hope.
The expression "ships of Tarshish" originally meant ships destined to go to Tarshish; and then probably came to signify large Phoenician ships, of a particular size the description, destined for long voyages, just as in English "East Indiaman" was a general name given to vessels, some of which were not intended to go to India at all.
Thy tacklings ropes, cables are loosed; they could not strengthen the foot of their mast, they could not spread the sail" Isaiah , Speaking of Yahweh's wonders to be performed toward His people after Babylon had been overthrown, the prophet declares: "Thus saith Yahweh, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: For your sake I have sent to Babylon, and I will bring down all of them as fugitives, even the Chaldeans, in the ships of their rejoicing" Isaiah In this case, however, the ships are not war ships, but more probably merchant ships, or ships for pleasure, sailing in the Euphrates.
It was from the Phoenicians that the Mediterranean peoples learned seamanship and skill in navigation. It is fitting, therefore, that in his dirge over the downfall of the mistress of the sea, Ezekiel should represent Tyre as a gallant ship, well built, well furnished, and well manned, broken by the seas in the depths of the waters, fallen into the heart of the seas in the day of her ruin.
Ezekiel's description chapter 27, with Davidson's notes brings together more of the features of the ship of antiquity than any other that has come down to us. Her builders have made her perfect in beauty with planks of fir or cypress, mast of cedar, oars of the oak of Bashan, benches or deck of ivory inlaid with boxwood, sail of fine linen with broidered work from Egypt, and an awning of blue and purple from the coastlands of Elisha possibly Sicily.
She is manned with oarsmen of Sidon and Arvad, pilots of the wise men of Tyre, calkers from Gebal to stop up the cracks and seams in her timbers, mariners and men of war from other lands who enhanced her beauty by hanging up the shield and helmet within her.
She is freighted with the most varied cargo, the produce of the lands around, her customers, or as they are called, her traffickers, being Tarshish in the far West, Sheba and Arabia in the South, Haran and Asshur in the East, Javan, which is Greece, and Togarmah, which is Armenia, in the North. One or two of the particulars of this description may be commented upon.
Egyptian ships on the Red Sea about the time of the Exodus, from reliefs of the XIXth Dynasty, had one mast and two yards, and carried also one large square sail. The masts and yards were made of fir, or of pine, and the sails of linen, but the fiber of papyrus was employed as well as flax in the manufacture of sail-cloth.
The sail had also to serve "for an ensign" lenes, Ezekiel The calkers were those who filled up seams or cracks in the timbers with tow and covered them over with tar or wax, after the manner of the instruction given to Noah regarding the Ark: "Thou General References: Of general references to shipping and seafaring life there are comparatively few in the Old Testament.
In his great series of Nature-pictures in Psalm , the Psalmist finds a place for the sea and ships ; , and in Psalm there is a picture of the storm overtaking them that go down to the sea in ships, and of the deliverance that comes to them when God "bringeth" them into their desired haven" ;. In the Book of Proverbs the ideal woman who brings her food from far is like "the merchant ships" In the same book the drunkard, because of his unnatural insensibility to danger, is likened to a man "that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast" ; and among the inscrutable things of the world the writer includes "the way of a ship in the midst of the sea" In Wisdom, human life is described "as a ship passing through the billowy water, whereof, when it is gone by, there is no trace to be found, neither pathway of its keel in the billows" Wisd The same book notes it as a striking example of the case of a divine and beneficent Providence that "men entrust their lives to a little piece of wood, and passing through the surge on a raft are brought safe to land" Wisd The Jews like the Egyptians and the Assyrians had a natural shrinking from the sea, and Ecclesiasticus interprets their feeling when he says: "They that sail on the sea tell of the danger thereof; and when we hear it with our ears, we marvel" Ships in the New Testament.
In the Gospels: It is the fishing-boats of the Sea of Galilee which exclusively occupy attention in the Gospels. In the time of our Lord's ministry in Galilee the shores of the Sea were densely peopled, and there must have been many boats engaged in the fishing industry. Bethsaida at the northern end of the Lake and Tarichea at the southern end were great centers of the trade.
The boats were probably of a size and build similar to the few employed on the Lake today, which are between 20 and 30 ft. The word "launch," of putting a boat or a ship into the sea, has disappeared from the Revised Version British and American , except in Luke , where it is more appropriate to an inland lake. They were propelled by oars, but no doubt also made use of the sail when the wind was favorable Luke , though the pictures which we have in the Gospels are mostly of the boatmen toiling in rowing in the teeth of a gale Mark , and struggling with the threatening waves Matthew In the boat on which Jesus and the disciples were crossing the Lake after the feeding of the 5,, Jesus was in the stern "asleep on the cushion" Mark , the King James Version "a pillow"; Greek proskephalaion, "headrest".
More than once Jesus made special use of a boat. As He was by the seashore a great concourse of people from all parts made it desirable that "a small boat" ploiarion should be in attendance off the shore to receive Him in case of need, though He does not seem to have required it Mark On another occasion, when the crowds were still greater, He went into a boat and sat "in the sea" with the multitude on the sloping beach before Him Mark Luke This boat is said in Luke's narrative to have been Simon's, and it seems from references to it as "the boat" on other occasions to have been generally at the disposal of Jesus.
In the Acts of the Apostles: It is Paul's voyages which yield us the knowledge that we possess from Biblical sources of ships in New Testament times. Paul the Traveler, It seems that in parallel passages referring to Solomon's and Jehoshaphat's ships I Kings l. Tarshish appears to have had a considerable trade in silver, iron, tin, and lead Jer. It gave its name, besides, to a precious stone which has not yet been satisfactorily identified See Gems.
The Targum of Jonathan renders the word "Tarshish" in the prophetical books by "sea," which rendering is followed by Saadia. Other references also viz. The genealogical list of Genesis 10 , in connection with 1 Chronicles , gives an intimation that these special Tarshish ships did business with the Greek isles. Such commerce, carried on in the 6th and 7th centuries b.
One of seven princes of Persia and Media, serving Xerxes Esth
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